ISSN: 2310-2799
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546,196 artículos
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2174-0844, 1575-720X
FERNÁNDEZ DE BUJÁN, ANTONIO
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Resumen
Disability is one of the great challenges, present and future, facing humanity. Legislation that is respectful of disabilities must be based on the value of their difference and bear in mind that it affects not only the living conditions of millions of people, ten percent of the world population, but also their dignity, freedom, development of the personality and equality with other people.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2174-0844, 1575-720X
DOUBAI SÁNCHEZ, BOLIÁ
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Resumen
The prosecution of superstition and idolatry was one of the central elements of cultural and religious domination in XVI and XVII centuries Mexico. This essay explores the conceptualization and persecution of these transgressions through two New Spain manuals for confessors: Advertencias para los confessores de los naturales (1600) by Fray Juan Bautista de Viseo and Luz y méthodo de confesar idólatras y destierro de idolatrías by Diego Jaimes Ricardo Villavicencio (1692). These manuals are highly substantial in terms of analyzing the legal and social outlook of their colonial time. Their significance and integration as part of legal literature are also stressed, as well as their value as a source of analysis of social discipline systems.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2174-0844, 1575-720X
ECHEVARRÍA GARCÍA, INÉS
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Resumen
The aim of this essay is to analyse the mechanisms for guaranteeing the right to a minimum subsistence level or right to existence in the context of a crisis of the labour society. Recent transformations in the labour market have led to a questioning of formal employment as the backbone of society and have distanced it from its historical role as an instrument for self-realisation and social insertion. This text begins by addressing the legal foundations of the universality of social rights, as well as the idea of the right to work as a guarantee of the effectiveness of other fundamental rights. It then analyses the limitations of the Spanish system of social benefits and the disadvantages of linking social provisions to employment requirements. Finally, it explores the proposal of the Universal Basic Income (UBI) and the criticisms about its ethical viability, paying close attention to its effects on the labour market and compatibility with the principle of reciprocity.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2174-0844, 1575-720X
CAMPOS RIVERA, GONZALO
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Resumen
The emergence of artificial intelligence systems (AI) in human life has led to the questioning of the current liability model provided in Directive 85/374 and its transposing legislation for defective products. The possibility that AI systems may develop an algorithmic «logic» poses a major legal challenge for Member States. As an alternative, we propose the adaptation of the European regulatory framework for civil liability through an eclectic model based on the reduction of the burden of proof of defect on the injured party, the quasi-objectivation of producer liability and the management of production risks. On the other hand, we consider it appropriate to create ad hoc legal personalities for the purposes of imputation of civil liability to the artificial intelligence system that would allow producers not to assume this type of damage.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2174-0844, 1575-720X
VIEIRA CORTADA, MARÍA
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Resumen
The lack of human rights guarantees in the international framework stems from various factors. In particular, the analysis focuses on the role of the Nation-State and the proposal of a conceptualization of the international system framed within critical cosmopolitanism. This conceptualization is referred to as a «Second social contract», referring to the individual's attachment to a sovereign entity that guarantees his or her rights and security. First, the image of the State as a political and moral entity will be reviewed through contractualist and Kantian theories. After this classical review, several of the interstices of the Nation-State with respect to the regulation of violence and the safeguarding of human rights will be exposed. Finally, a «Second social contract» is proposed, which aspires to find an appropriate method of international coercion, and which may pave the way for a stronger and more comprehensive regulation of human rights.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2174-5625, 0211-979X
Rey Martínez, Fernando
UNED
Resumen
SUMARIO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN. 2. LAS PECULIARIDADES DE LA DISCRIMINACIÓN RACIAL O ÉTNI-CA. 2.1. La discriminación racial es de las más arraigadas en el tiempo y de las más extensas respecto de los espacios sociales a los que afec-ta. 2.2. La relativa ineficacia del derecho vigente contra la discrimina-ción racial. 2.3. La discriminación racial es la más odiosa. 3. LA PROHI-BICIÓN DE DISCRIMINACIÓN RACIAL EN EL DERECHO DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA. 4. CONCLUSIÓN: ES NECESARIA UNA NUEVA ESTRATEGIA DE LUCHA JURÍDICA CONTRA LA DISCRIMINACIÓN RACIAL. ANEXOS ESTADÍSTICOS.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
1028-9933
Parra-Kindelan, Francisco; Limonta-Mengana, María Antonia; Knight-Fernández, Nancy Johanna
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo
Resumen
A seven years old female patient was evaluated at the Hospital Pediátrico Docente “Pedro Agustín Pérez”, in Guantánamo, with a history of an apparent health situation. The patient´s mother referred a week with headache and vomiting. Patient underwent an analgesics and antiemetics treatment without resolution of symptoms. A magnetic resonance imaging study of the brain showed in T1 scan, in the axial section, a space-occupying, hypointense, and appearance of posterior fossa cystic lesion, in the right cerebellar hemisphere, which was compressing the IV ventricle, causing obstructive hydrocephalus secondary. Ventriculostomy routing ventriculoperitoneal shunt and macroscopic resection of lesion with endoscopic support included was performed. Cerebellar fibrillary astrocytoma was the diagnosis confirmed by histopathological study.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2254-6413, 1139-7608
Rafael Andreu-Civit
Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra
Resumen
A fundamental contribution of Juan Antonio Pérez López (JAPL) is a better understanding of the interaction process between two agents, active and reactive, that opened a new and productive dimension to the analysis of human relationships in organizations. This article views his model from the decision making under uncertainty perspective, emphasizing the associated learning processes. From the type of uncertainty faced by agents in a given interaction, its evolution can be seen as an information accumulation which results in recurrent learning. The result is a somewhat more detailed conceptual account for learning in JAPL’s model while still coherent with it.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2254-6413, 1139-7608
The Juan Antonio Pérez López’s Theory Foundations, Development, its Contribution and its Methodology
Josep-María Rosanas-Martí
Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra
Resumen
This article briefly sets out the foundations of organization theory as developed by Juan Antonio Pérez López, who was a professor at IESE (1962/96) and its dean (1978/84). The foundations of this theory are analyzed: the questions that he asked himself as a professor of Control Systems, and the works of various authors, among which Barnard and Selznick stand out, in addition to classical Aristotelian philosophy. We then show his contribution going beyond these authors ; and we end with a defense of his methodological position, which is not the most currently accepted today.
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Año:
2023
ISSN:
2254-6413, 1139-7608
María-Milagros Cadillo-La-Torre
Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra
Resumen
Decisional Framework for Institutional Analysis and Development is based on conception of Agents as free adaptive complex systems; in this way, it shows process of interactions between Agents and how this influences achievement of permanence of organization over time; incorporating not only learning product of results, but also learning product of Agents’ decisions. This framework incorporates a decisional approach, bringing Agents to fore in reconciliation with institutions and contexts, making explicit their interactions and the decision itself as the basis of governance system. In this way, it helps to position elements that make up complexity of reality of organizations that share resources in common use to govern it.
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