Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of comprehensive sexuality education is the acquisition of complete, accurate, and objective information about sexuality, based on scientific evidence, and appropriate for the age and maturity. It also includes training in democratic principles, values, and fundamental rights, essential for peaceful and responsible coexistence in society. Parents’ preferential right to the moral and religious education of their children must be exercised taking into consideration the best interests of children and adolescents. State intervention in education is key, given the benefits dimension of the right to education, and substantively, it is justified by the connection between education and democracy. The State has an obligation, in terms of its role in education, to teach content in a critical, objective, and pluralistic manner. It is prohibited from pursuing any indoctrination objectives.

The present text aims to investigate, through a normative, doctrinal, and jurisprudential study, the systematic application of the principle of non-regression in environmental protection levels within the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. To this end, the research addresses a doctrinal approach to the principle of non-regression, covering its contemporary critical aspects and current perspectives. The paper further analyzes the environmental jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, concluding with a propositional study. Methodologically, the research predominantly adopted the deductive method, along with bibliographic, jurisprudential, and documentary research techniques. As a result, it highlights the “greening” of European jurisprudence within its respective regional human rights system, under the principle of non-regression in environmental matters, offering proposals aimed at better protection of environmental goods and resources.

This article critically analyzes sports regulations that limit gender self-determination from a bioethical and constitutional perspective. It is argued that these policies, based on biological criteria such as testosterone levels, not only violate fundamental principles such as equality and human dignity, but also perpetuate dynamics of exclusion and discrimination. The psychological and social impact of these regulations is significant, negatively affecting the well-being of intersex athletes and reinforcing transphobic narratives. Furthermore, the proportionality of these regulations is questioned, given that they often lack robust scientific justification and do not consider less restrictive alternatives. In contrast, inclusive and participatory reforms that promote competitive justice without compromising fundamental rights are proposed. This approach would not only ensure the legitimacy of sport regulations, but also foster a more equitable and democratic environment, aligned with constitutional and international human rights values.

In the last decade Mexico has improved its tax collection levels, reaching 14.2 % of GDP by 2023; however, these results are not sufficient to reach the average for Latin America. The objective is to analyze the legal framework of electronic means and electronic invoicing established in Mexico, which have been key in the development and application of artificial intelligence in tax management. It is a documentary legal research, with a doctrinal dogmatic scope and hermeneutic analysis of the Mexican tax laws. The Mexican tax system has a robust legal framework in terms of electronic media and digital tax receipts via the Internet, which allows the Tax Administration Service to move towards digital management, the taxpayer also achieves better communication with the authority in fulfilling his tax obligations. Finally, the Mexican tax system provides in its tax provisions the legal basis that allows the tax authority to develop the technologies necessary to monitor taxpayers’ tax compliance, whose tools also include technologies such as artificial intelligence to carry out fiscal surveillance more accurately and on a massive scale.

Political parties fulfill the fundamental task of consolidating democratic systems. As a result, the financing of political parties has become a necessity in modern states. Internationally, different models of financing are observed: public, private, and mixed. All these systems carry risks of corruption and can undermine the functioning of democratic systems. The objective of this study is to analyze the issue of illegal financing of political parties and the legitimacy of using criminal law to address it. Methodologically, this work is based on an analysis of legislation and specialized literature. The relevance of this research lies in demonstrating the insufficiency of administrative regulation to address improper financing practices and in proposing the intervention of criminal law to penalize this offense. As a result of the investigation, it is concluded that the intervention of criminal law is legitimate due to the inadequacy of administrative regulation, the autonomy of the protected legal interest, and the impossibility of addressing improper financing practices through other criminal offenses.

The present research examines the nutritional warning duty established in the regulation of food labeling and marketing in Chile. The working hypothesis is the following: the current configuration of the duty of nutritional warning goes beyond the protection of consumers in their legal relationship with suppliers and distances itself from the category established in Law 19.496, since it has a different purpose, that of guiding consumers in their nutritional choices. The text explains the purpose, content and legal consequences of the obligation to provide nutritional information. It concludes that, in its present form, it is possible to achieve the objectives of public health and the protection of the right to adequate food, so that, in case of violation, the intervention of the health sanction system is preferable to that of the consumer law.

Léo Aimé Claris Vignon (1853-1925) was a French industrialist and chemist who investigated the chemistry of mannitan, mannitol, and their derivatives, and of cellulose oxycellulose, and hydrocellulose. Together with Philippe Barbier, they studied the synthesis of substituted safranins. Vignon developed a simple and fast process for the synthesis of mannitan, its properties, and derivatives; with Barbier they developed a method for synthesizing phenosafranine and its homologues, based on the reaction between amidobenzene with nitrobenzene, and with Dubois they studied the physiological effects of p-and m-phenylenediamine. Vignon developed analytical methods for determining CO2 as gas or in solution, acetone in methanol, phosphoric acid in superphosphate, tannin in grapes and wine, and mercury and copper in minute amounts.

The curriculum can reflect and reproduce different systems of oppression. Thus, there is an urgent need to address themes related to ethnic-racial relations in the initial and continuing education of teachers, through an epistemic shift grounded in interculturality. Employing elements of participatory research, our objective in this study was to analyze and characterize the formative process of the postgraduate students in the development of a seminar as an evaluative stage of the discipline, concerning traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Our results demonstrate the necessity of overcoming the limitations imposed by a Eurocentric view of reality, mainly regarding the importance of discussing African and Afro-diasporic knowledge and technologies in teacher education. In addition, we recognize the significance of discussing the production of Black-referenced Science and Technology. Thus, our results also demonstrate the possibility of working with Science teachers on theoretical-methodological strategies that enable epistemic displacement. Lastly, our results indicate that formative processes like this seem to have fulfilled their social function by instigating these Science/Chemistry teachers to seek, beyond the rigid model of their training, possibilities of debating Black-referenced technologies into school curricula.

Charles-Antoine-Théodore Villiers (1853-1925) was a very prolific French chemist who discovered that the fermentation of starch with Bacillus amylobacter yielded dextrins (cellulisines) without being accompanied by maltose and glucose, a process clearly different from that which resulted from diastases. His discovery of cyclodextrins, without knowing it, became an important industrial contribution. Villiers carried extensive work on the alkaloids (ptomains) generated by sick persons and identified two new ones. Within the subject of toxicology (forensics) he proposed an improved method or destroying organic matter. Villiers and Tanret, showed that sweet matter secreted by camelthorn contained melezitose. Villiers tried unsuccessfully to separate the active component of curare (curarine).

Academic integrity is crucial for ensuring authentic learning in higher education, especially in chemistry, where abstract and complex concepts make it difficult to develop genuine assessments. Factors such as socio-academic pressure, lack of time, absence of study habits, lack of clarity about the implications of academic dishonesty, and unlimited access to online information can lead to dishonest academic practices. This study examines strategies to prevent academic fraud in the theoretical-virtual Chemistry 2 course. A descriptive analysis of academic performance and the evaluation and fraud prevention strategies implemented by the instructors reveals a significant impact on academic performance, evidenced by a decrease in average grades and pass rates compared to the control group. Strategies such as designing authentic assessments, implementing oral and timed evaluations, real-time monitoring, and technology for detecting plagiarism in production questions were highlighted for their effectiveness, as they adapt to the specifics of teaching chemistry, where the development of practical skills and understanding of abstract concepts is essential for comprehensive comprehension.