Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the most damaging phytosanitary problems in the wine industry. The main symptoms observed in the vineyard are a drastic reduction in productivity, quality, and longevity of the vines. Spatial distribution, and incidence and severity of GTDs was determined in five Cabernet Sauvignon and three Chardonnay vineyards pruned in spurs and canes, respectively. Measurements were made plant by plant and each sampling point was georeferenced using a DGPS. On the other hand, the stem water potential was determined on vines in three measurements during the season. GTDs presented an important variability at the intra-farm level mostly in Cabernet Sauvignon, and disease severity was expressed radially. The incidence of the disease in Chardonnay tended to be towards one side of the vineyards. The incidence and severity of the disease was higher in the Cabernet Sauvignon (42% of plants affected) than in Chardonnay (13% of plants affected). Cabernet Sauvignon vines were subjected to a higher level of water stress than the Chardonnay vines throughout the growing season based onto stem water potential values. Based on the results, we can suggest that there is varietal response to GTDs and pruning and water stress can increase the susceptibility of vines to GTDs.

In the central Andean zone of Argentina and Chile, contacts between the indigenous populations of both slopes were relatively frequent since the late Pleistocene. One of the main communication routes was the one that currently coincides with the western section of the Bioceanic Corridor that connects Porto Alegre with Coquimbo. To contribute to the knowledge of these links, this article offers a general overview of the archaeological evidence of the Argentine sector resulting from these contacts and a description of the rock art that indicates the significance of the Agua Negra ravine in this process.

Este artigo pretende ser um primeiro contributo para refletir sobre a ausência de uma perspetiva multidimensional nos sistemas alimentares em Portugal, suportada na análise de um conjunto de grelhas e declarações propostas pela FAO, o Pacto de Milão, organizações não governamentais e a academia. Como amostragem recorreu-se a 96 iniciativas, listadas em dois mapeamentos nacionais coordenados pela Faculdade de Nutrição da Universidade do Porto e a rede nacional Alimentar Cidades Sustentáveis. Confrontando as seis dimensões do Pacto de Milão e as dimensões presentes nas iniciativas portuguesas, revela-se uma escassa presença da “governança” e um ênfase na “dieta sustentável e nutrição”. E, a pouca representação das restantes dimensões: Equidade social e económica; Produção Alimentar; Abastecimento Alimentar e Distribuição e; Desperdício Alimentar. Conclui-se que embora haja um cenário promissor de iniciativas subsiste a ausência de uma visão sistémica dos programas e projetos desenvolvidos, e que estes são raramente concebidos como parte de uma estratégia de governança alimentar, com o envolvimento dos atores e setores do sistema alimentar na tomada de decisão. Propõe-se a criação de um observatório que possibilite monitorizar as iniciativas existentes e futuras, suportadas nos critérios de monitorização internacionais, com enfoque na governança e nos desafios à sua operacionalização.  

La preocupación creciente por el incremento de la población mundial, el aumento de la demanda de alimentos y energía, así como por el cambio climático, genera la emergencia de iniciativas de agregado de valor vinculadas al desarrollo de territorios sustentables. El presente artículo se propone analizar el concepto de agregado de valor, y específicamente el agregado de valor territorial, a partir de una experiencia en torno a la bioeconomía circular en el municipio de Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se trata de una empresa innovadora orientada a la cría de insectos a partir de residuos orgánicos, obteniendo proteínas para la alimentación animal y abono. Bajo la metodología de estudio de caso revisamos fuentes secundarias y primarias, y analizamos el conjunto de actividades desarrolladas y coordinadas por la firma. Esta empresa muestra altas potencialidades en generar agregado de valor territorial con cuidado del medioambiente, para lo cual muestra un elevado desarrollo de construcción de redes multiescalares y multidimensionales, articulado entre modelos antagónicos para el desarrollo a nivel local.

Virus infection in Vitis vinifera negatively impacts vineyard production and grape quality. Examples are grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated viruses (GRSPaV). We investigated transient fluorescence of chlorophyll a in leaves of Cabernet-Sauvignon, the primary red cultivar planted in Chile, using the OJIV test. First, we evaluated fluorescence in productive grapevines throughout their development, and then we analyzed the same parameters in plants infected with GLRaVs or GLRaVs+GRSPaV. We observed that throughout phenological development, as in the virus-affected clones, the kinetics of fluorescence emission decreased, particularly in values such as Fo and FM, reflecting the limitation in electron donation by the oxygen-releasing complexes and changes in the PSII antenna complex. The parameter reflecting the most significant differences was the performance index (PIABS), whose value decreases throughout phenological development and is also lower in virus-affected plants compared to healthy plants. This decrease would indicate that PSII changes the conversion of light energy of chemical energy to heat dissipation, making PIABS an excellent parameter to evaluate the vitality of Cabernet-Sauvignon vineyards.

This research aimed to characterize the production system of avocado (Persea americana Hass) and describe the value chain in the department of Cauca (Colombia), through the analysis of its dynamics and the typification of the actors and their interrelationships was developed between 2019 and 2021 by AGROSAVIA. The methodology corresponded to descriptive mixed type research, which combines different techniques for the collection and analysis of information, such as interactive workshops (clickers), transects, interviews and surveys to groups of producers organized to consult on biophysical, social, economic and technological factors, that influence the competitiveness of the system and the value chain. It was possible to determine that the Hass avocado system in the department of Cauca, is heterogeneous, dispersed, with different degrees of modernization and articulation to the national and international market, and with a technological advance resulting from inter-institutional interventions and international cooperation in the last 15 years, which generate increasing access to international markets by small and medium producers. Limitations were identified in the system and in the value chain that must be addressed to optimize the productive capacity that is beginning to be installed in the area to serve export markets.

Abarcamos los principios y estrategias a nivel mundial y nacional sobre economía circular, y las posibles materias primas de compuestos polifenólicos a partir de residuos de la agroindustria chilena, finalizando con la técnica y material de pared más utilizados (secado por aspersión utilizando maltodextrina) para la encapsulación de estos compuestos antioxidantes y generar potenciales aditivos naturales, aportando así a la economía circular. Desafortunadamente, los residuos en la agroindustria chilena no son lo suficientemente aprovechados ni estudiados para encontrarles un importante valor agregado, como ocurre en otros países que cuentan con exitosas iniciativas de economía circular.

The aim of this article was to study the factors of wine consumption in the oenological routes of Central Mexico. A questionnaire applied to 402 subjects was designed on the Cheese and Wine route, in Querétaro. It was structured in three sections, the Food Choice Questionnaire to identify the reasons for consumption, free word association and finally the sociodemographic characteristics were collected, the latter being analyzed qualitatively. With the information collected, an Exploratory Factor Analysis was carried out and subsequently a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis; as well as non-parametric tests to identify statistical differences. The words were analyzed using word clouds. Within the results twelve reasons for consumption and three groups of wine consumers were identified in Mexico in the context of wine tourism activity. It is concluded that the consumption of wine is determined and configured by the level of relationship between the consumer and the cultural reference of the drink. In addition, there is an increase in Mexican interest in consuming wine, adapting it to their socio-cultural and economic particularities.

Carl Schmitt, Friend of Weimar. Notes on the Verfassungslehre as Theory and Doctrine of the Constitution The article addresses Carl Schmitt´s constitutional theory, focusing on its double meaning as a general theory of the modern constitution and a body of doctrine on the Weimar constitution. In the first section,  we introduce the positive theory of the modern constitution through its two structuring elements: the political form resulting from the application of the political-formal principles of identity and representation, and the forms of legislation and government inherent to the bourgeois state under the rule of law. The second section focuses on the body of doctrine on the Weimar constitution that Schmitt develops by drawing on the categories presented in the first part. A special focus is placed on its implications in order to understand Schmitt´s position regarding the main intellectual challenges of the time, contrasting his positions with those held by other great contemporary jurists. Finally, the article reviews the connections between the criteria that inform the general theory of the modern constitution and the doctrine of the Weimar constitution, highlighting the peculiarities of Schmitt´s effort to stress the integrity of the constitution against the relativism that he attributes both to legal positivism and to certain political positions of his time.