Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Used, among other things, as a selection for Higher Education, the National High School Exam is one of the largest large-scale exams in the world. In view of the potential to influence a person's life, it is aspired that the exam is able to make a fair inference. The article publishes the results of an investigation that estimated the psychometric quality of biology items from 2009 to 2019. It was possible to notice that more than half of the items were not considered good for measuring the proficiency that the Nature Sciences test proposes to measure. It is recommended that subsequent studies can perform a qualitative analysis of the pedagogical aspects of inadequate items.

En la investigación se identificaron espacios de actuación de la fuerza laboral femenina involucrada en la actividad turística para determinar sus procesos y formas de participación. El estudio fue descriptivo y exploratorio, empleándose diferentes indicadores para identificar la participación de las mujeres que acceden a puestos de trabajo, gestión y docencia universitaria. Los resultados se enmarcaron en la participación de la mujer en alrededor del 50% de empleos generados, mayormente en el nivel operativo y en menor escala directivos y gerenciales relacionados con el ámbito laboral del turismo. En lo político, en el proceso electoral de 2019 se registró la presencia del 17.39% de prefectas y el 8.14% de alcaldesas. La empleabilidad de mujeres en la región se concentra en las provincias de Napo y Orellana. En lo académico, la representación de la mujer en la docencia es del 36%, en puestos de gestión el 44% y el 58% de los estudiantes. Aspectos como valores, actitudes, normas, roles, estereotipos, habilidades, aptitudes, entre otros, constituyen variables del género, que propician en la sociedad una jerarquización de la organización social; donde los hombres de forma mayoritaria ocupan los puestos claves, relacionados con el poder.

The quality of the water in the Cotopaxi province has been the object of analysis due to the usefulness of this resource for the population, which serves as a reference point for the detection of contamination levels in the Illuchi River. The objective of the study was to determine the water quality index through physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. In the first two, abiotic variables were taken into account; while in the third, biotic variables were worked on, specifically the taxonomic identification of diatoms present in aquatic systems. Three sampling points were taken: Laguna Salayambo (P1), Hacienda Noelanda (P2) and Barrio Saragosín (P3), identifying 31 species of epilithic diatoms along the river. The calculation of the water quality index yielded values ??for point 1 of 70.18, whose qualification is regular and of oligotrophic type, point 2 a value of 52.2, its regular state of type ?-mesotrophic and point 3 of 46.87 with a poor quality ?-mesotrophic type. It was concluded that there is a relationship between diatoms and water quality; In addition, the increase in contamination due to agriculture, livestock and human settlements was evidenced.

The high Andean wetlands are fragile ecosystems that, despite being essential in the fight against climate change, are seriously threatened by the incursion of mining activities. Consequently, the objective of this work was to analyze the impact of mining activity on high Andean wetlands and its relationship with carbon dioxide emissions. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out to obtain relevant information; documentary information was analyzed and the correlation between the development of extractive activities in high Andean wetlands and the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere was examined. As for the results, we have that 26% of the country's wetlands are under concession, where the development of mining activities could release between 252 705.96 and 1 023 245.60 t of CO2 into the atmosphere, depending on the state of conservation of each wetland. High Andean wetlands have a great capacity to store carbon, so both the main impacts of mining activity such as the removal of vegetation cover and the alteration of soil resources are directly related to the release of stored carbon in the form of CO2, which is consequently emitted into the atmosphere.

In the context of the goals of sustainable development, this study was carried out with the objective of describing the social, economic-productive, environmental and political-institutional profile of the parish territories of the Guamote canton, from the sustainability approach. For this, based on simple random sampling, the selection of cases was carried out, and the survey form was applied. Data analysis, supported by statistical techniques such as correspondence analysis and principal component analysis, evidenced the precarious situation of families; environmental degradation; the pressure of conventional agricultural activities on rural ecosystems; and the organizational weakness in terms of democratic governance in the three parishes. The main strengths and weaknesses were identified in the four dimensions analyzed, being that each parish, according to the profile, has its own productive vocation. It is concluded that there is a need to reorient socioeconomic, environmental and political-institutional trends in the path of sustainability.

The livestock sector is one of the main systems that contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture, its main contributions are in food security, nutrition and economic growth, however, this sector is responsible for the emission of a large amount of gases greenhouse. This work had the purpose of showing the contributions that livestock production presents in the face of climate change, identifying the main source of contamination in the sector, as well as the mitigation alternatives for the present problem. For this, the related topics from different sources were analyzed, obtaining relevant information for the support of the work. As a result, it was possible to show that methane gas emissions produced by cattle are one of the factors that contribute to climate change, which is why it has become a global problem due to its negative impacts.

The purpose of this research was to identify the bacteria present in the surrounding air of an agro-industrial workshop and their possible occupational risks. We proceeded to characterize the activities that take place in the workshop, located in Bolívar canton, Manabí province, Ecuador, through the application of semi-structured interviews and direct observation. Subsequently, the degree of bacterial contamination was determined by applying environmental monitoring; two samplings were carried out at seven points. Bacterial collection was performed by gravity sedimentation. To determine the possible diseases that these can cause, the collected microorganisms were identified using Petrifilm Staph Express agar for Staphylococcus aureus and crystal violet-red neutral-bilid-glucose agar for Enterobacteriaceae. The highest microbial load was found in the office with 270 CFU/m3 of air. Sampling 1 reached up to 848 CFU/m3, being considered contaminated, and in sampling 2 the bacterial load was 550 CFU/m3, resulting in little contamination. There are no strains of Staphylococcus aureus, although there is a presence of Enterobacter aeroneges in the raw material entry and ice storage areas. For this reason, it was concluded that, if there are no adequate hygiene measures, the personnel is susceptible to contracting infections due to Enterobacter aeroneges.

La importancia de los árboles para el ambiente se centra en los servicios que pueden ofrecer, siendo el de fijación de CO2 uno de los más destacados. El objetivo de la investigación fue estimar la cantidad de carbono capturado por el arbolado de las áreas verdes de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí. Para este propósito se realizó un inventario del estrato arbóreo. Se registraron todos los individuos con diámetro de 1.30 m (más menos 5 cm). Se evaluó la riqueza y abundancia, además de variables dendométricas (altura total, diámetro del tronco). Se calculó el carbono capturado a partir de la estimación de biomasa forestal. La densidad de la madera de las distintas especies se obtuvo de varias bases de datos forestales mundiales. Se identificaron 68 especies y 1200 individuos. La especie más abundante fue Azadirachta indica (37%). El secuestro de CO2 fue de 19 650.76 t. A pesar de que se fija una importante cantidad de carbono, muchos ejemplares se encuentran en conflicto con infraestructura física, lo cual requiere la remoción de estos. Se recomienda diseñar nuevas áreas verdes bajo estrictas normas de calidad, priorizando especies nativas.  

Global warming threatens the world's water supplies, posing a significant threat to hydropower generation, however the continuing increase in energy demand due to world population growth and socio-economic development requires this renewable source. The manuscript aims to analyze the future tendency of climate change in hydropower development in five emblematic plants (Coca Codo Sinclair, Manduriacu, Minas San Francisco, Toachi Pilatón, and Delsintagua) concerning the implementation of National Determined Contribution. The article's methodology is exploratory with information on hydropower development in Ecuador since 20 projects are already working, and it presents two qualitative and quantitative approaches. To project the scenarios, we use data according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change related to three evolution lines A1, B1, and B2. The results show that climate change constitutes one of the most significant challenges in Ecuador faces in meeting the National Determined Contribution because hydropower energy has an inefficiency of 15.8% in the last 20 years. The scenarios show a reduction A1 up to 1909 MW to 2050, in the medium scenario B1 to 2041 MW, and in the conservative scenario B2 to 2132 MW from the total capacity for the emblematic hydropower projects thinker in 2275 MW initially.

It is estimated that in the world more than 80% of wastewater generated by anthropogenic activities is discharged directly into the environment. The discharge of these waters is a problem still unresolved in cities, and therefore economic technologies are required to be implemented at the domestic level. Given this problem, the present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a biofilter using activated carbon and ash substrates (produced from rice husks) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The activation of the substrates was carried out by means of physicochemical processes at temperatures of 450 °C and with the use of phosphoric acid. As a result of the biofiltration of the wastewater, the ash allowed a true color (Pt-Co) removal of up to 99%. Activated carbon reduced turbidity up to 95.3%; while the content of total solids was practically not decreased by any of the substrates. This research is linked to the circular economy, given the use of a production residue such as rice husk.