Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

He study examines the mediating role of avoidant coping in the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptomatology among 159 members of an LGBTQ+ community in a city in Peru, aged 18 to 52 years (M=28.24, SD=7.85). The Perceived Discrimination Scale in the LGBTQ+ Community by González-Rivera and Pabellón-Lebrón (2018), Spielberger’s (2008) State-Trait Depression Inventory (IDER), and Carver et al.’s (1989) avoidant coping dimension were administered. The results indicate that the mediation models analyzed are satisfactory (CFI=1.00; SRMR<.060). Individual discrimination has a positive effect on state depression (β=.14, p<.05) and trait depression (β=.15, p<.05); similarly, group discrimination has a positive effect on state depression (β=.24, p<.05) and trait depression (β=.20, p<.05). Avoidant coping mediates the relationship between both forms of discrimination and state and trait depression (β>.15, p<.05), confirming the mediation hypotheses. The study confirms that avoidant coping plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptomatology in members of the LGBTQ+ community in Peru. These findings highlight the importance of addressing coping strategies to mitigate the negative impact of discrimination on the mental health of this population.

  Introduction: The School of Nutrition at the University of Costa Rica (ENu-UCR) developed the Interactive Group Nutrition Education (ENGI) method many years ago. The objective of this research is to apply the ENGI method in the community setting to promote healthy eating using dietary guidelines (GABSA-2022). Methodology: Mixed-method, cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study. The population comprised nine community groups of adults and older adults from the urban area of San José (N = 141) who, as part of an ENu-UCR degree course, received the Healthy Eating course (8 sessions) taught by nine pairs of students (N = 18) under teacher supervision, from August to December 2023. Data collection was carried out using the Guide for Planning Educational Interventions, teaching plans, WhatsApp® groups, the Instrument for Monitoring Practical Performance, and two evaluation forms. Results: The ENGI method was well received by participants. The main point of improvement was the increase in the duration of each session by 30 minutes. Despite being a short intervention, 60% of participants reported changes in their daily habits after the course. It is worth reviewing the use of terms in the GABSA, as well as some topics of interest to communities. Conclusions: ENGI can function as a systematized methodology to promote healthy eating together with the use of GABSA-2022 at the community level.

The main objective of this work is the design of a riverside defense to reduce the risk of flooding on the banks of the Mala River at the San Antonio Bridge. The methodology used for the research is framed in the collection of data from the hydrological study of the Mala River carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture, thus dividing the realization of this study into 3 stages. In the first, topography, geology and hydrology data were obtained, obtaining the maximum design flow. In the second, the analyzes and results of the hydraulic and structural part were obtained, in order to obtain the maximum tension for the sizing of the gabion wall. Finally, in the third stage, the environmental impact analysis, budget, execution schedule and project plans were carried out. The software ArcGIS, TREND, HYDROGNOMON 4, HEC-RAS 6.4.1, Gawac 3.0, Excell were used as tools for information processing and analysis of results. The main results of the morphological parameters of the Mala River basin have an area of 2,440.94 km2, with a main river slope of 2.45% and a drainage density of 0.735 km/km2. A design flow of 217m3/s was obtained, considering a return period of 174 years, for the projected structure. The riverside defense was considered with gabion walls of 7 and 5 m high, the first having 5 box-type levels of 5x1x1 m and 4 mattress-type levels of 5x3x0.5 m, the second 4 box-type levels of 5x1x1 m and 4 mattress-type 6.5x3x0.5 m With the above, it is concluded that the projection of the riverside defense in the evaluation section is viable since it represents an optimal design to control flooding in the surrounding population, with a viable EIA, with more economical solution costs compared to the reinforced concrete retaining walls with fast completion time

The teaching and learning process for students with some type of disability is complex. Firstly, the isolation and exclusion of these students by their peers in different activities planned by the teacher is evident. Secondly, teachers plan activities for their participation but the intellectual and cognitive differences between students are framed. This situation sometimes has repercussions at a psychological level, causing demotivation and frustration when learning. This research involves the educational process aimed at developing geometric thinking under the Van Hiele model in a 12 years old student with visual and intellectual disabilities who is expected to attend the sixth grade at a Colombian public educational institution, implementing a case study. The activities were planned to involve all students; however, learning delays and exclusion from peers were evident. Therefore, the teaching process requires a careful and adaptive approach to ensure learning opportunities. The prognosis showed that the participant was at Van Hiele level 1; thus, an open-field didactic sequence was implemented, advancing to level 2. Although there are constitutional and legal regulations on inclusion, there is often a gap between what is written on paper and the real-life experiences of the student, teacher, institution, and family, who face this social reality, highlighting the need for teacher training. The research work was framed within a qualitative approach as it was a case study that not only addressed cognitive aspects related to geometry, but also addressed the social aspects related to the student. This research presents an in-depth analysis of the object of study, which has been analyzed with rigor in mind. Data collection is carried out in a way that demonstrates their veracity, fulfilling the criterion of contributing to the advancement of knowledge that can shed light on other research on the issues raised here. The methodology included three phases: diagnosis, implementation of learning activities, and reflection. The results reflected that: i) the didactic strategies used have made it possible to bring the educational process closer by applying geometry to the specific conditions of a student under study and, in turn, has involved his peers in the educational process without truncating or relegating the progress of the rest of the group to which the student belongs, ii) with the intervention process implemented, the student managed to move from level 1 to level 2 in the Van Hiele model, that is, he moved from an informative level to one of understanding the relationships between the properties of geometric figures and how these are part of a whole, iii) significant progress was achieved in the level of development of the student's geometric knowledge, increasing his resilience and confidence to interact with geometric objects in his context, and iv) the study allowed us to recognize that inclusion is not just about policies and standards that must be applied in educational contexts, but rather it is an entire process of transition towards a society that is much more comprehensive and open to new forms of understanding, interaction and construction of knowledge with the human beings.

Introduction: In Mexico, menstruation is not even listed in official statistics, perpetuating the taboo, fear and ignorance on the subject, even more so in indigenous populations living in extreme poverty. Our objective was to analyze the menstrual experiences of young and adult women of the Tseltal indigenous communities of Pathuitz and Mequejá in Chilón, Chiapas, considering the definition of Menstrual Health of the “The Global Menstrual Collective's Terminology Action Group” under the focus of gender and feminist health. Methodology: Qualitative methodology promoting the co-research with the association “Asociación Yip Yatel Tseltal Ansetic A.C.” defending the participation of indigenous women as collaborators and researchers. We analyze the menstrual experience of 17 Tseltal women, and the perception of 4 men through semi-structured interviews and activist participatory observation and from situated knowledge. Results: Challenges for Tseltal women in living a healthy menstruation: a) precarious information about menstruation and experiences of fear and shame, b) economic difficulty to acquire menstrual management products, c) restriction of their activities, d) pain, disorders and lack of awareness of the menstrual cycle, e) limited access to medical services. We also analyze the water services, sanitation and hygiene systems at home and schools, and the acceptance of reusable cloth sanitary pads as an option adapted to the context. Conclusion: women have opened up about the topic for the first time, generating interest to know about menstruation, the body and menstrual cycle. They have successfully adopted the use of reusable cloth sanitary pads, given they save money, feel comfortable and are able to leave the house.

Introduction: This study examined whether social support (measured with the MOS) and perceived meaning of life (PIL Test) could be related to a lower frequency of symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7) and fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S), among Colombian adults in quarantine. Methodology: This study was conducted using a quantitative approach, implementing a descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative design. Participated 305 persons from 19 to 71 years old (74.4% women). Linear regressions by steps were implemented, examining the effect of age and sex. Results: The total scores or some subscale of the MOS and the PIL Test explained 54% of the variance of the PHQ-9, 38.3% of the variance of the GAD-7 and 14.4 % of the variance of FCV-19S, presenting the sex and the age significant coefficients in almost all the resulting models. Women obtained significantly higher scores (p≤.05) in fear of COVID-19. Conclusions: These results indicate that an improvement in social support and the sense of life could constitute protective factors of these symptoms in quarantine.

Many patients turn to complementary treatments (CT) when they do not see a positive result with the use of pharmacological treatments (PT) given by the physician for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objectives: To determine the influence of the use of pharmacological and complementary treatment on glycemic control in adults with T2D. Methodology: The study design was correlational-descriptive. In adults with DT2 using TF (n=95) and TC (n=95). The glycated hemoglobin test was performed, the CTFA-5-DT2 questionnaire was used and the regulations of the general health law on research were adhered to. Results: A relationship was found in the use of TF and TC with glycemic control (rs .390, p= <0.01; rs= .275, p= <0.01). A multiple linear regression model was performed, showing a statistical significance of .003 (F= 3.12), an explained variance of 8.2% (R2= 0.82); the significant variables explained were marital status (β= .27, p= .001) and CT use (β= -2.63, p= .009). Conclusions: The use of TF and TC does influence glycemic control, people with DT2 using TC showed better glycemic control compared to those using only TF.

Introduction: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of diseases of the oral cavity in the Costa Rican population, including the clinical profile of affected patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study was conducted using medical records from patients diagnosed and treated at a Stomatology Center in Heredia, Costa Rica, between January 2020 and December 2022. Only cases with definitive diagnoses (clinical, histopathological, or radiographic) were included. Data were extracted from complete records, categorized by lesion type and anatomical location, and analyzed by sex and age group to identify frequency patterns. Results: A total of 1,410 patients were evaluated. The majority were women (62%) with 33.4% of cases in the 41–60 age group. Regarding men, the most affected group was 21–40 years. Traumatic lesions were the most frequent (33%), followed by benign neoplasms (11.1%) and potentially malignant disorders (10%). Fibrous hyperplasia was the most frequent lesion (n101), followed by squamous papilloma (n87), leukoplakia (n66) and squamous cell carcinoma (n55). Soft tissues were the most affected (80.5%), with the tongue being the most common site (23.4%), followed by the gingiva (21.5%) and the lips (13.7%). Conclusions: This study systematically classified and quantified oral lesions in a defined clinical population, generating the most comprehensive epidemiological dataset of its kind in Costa Rica. The findings offer extrapolatable data for academic research, clinical training, and public health policy, helping to improve early diagnosis, prevention strategies, and the management of oral conditions, especially those with malignant potential, across diverse sectors of the population.