Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El trabajo revisa la evidencia científica producida durante el periodo 2011-2019 sobre el pensamiento del profesorado chileno y los saberes pedagógicos y disciplinarios, en el contexto del sistema escolar. El periodo 2011-2019 se caracterizó por la implementación de nuevas políticas educativas, esencialmente centradas en la carrera docente, así como por la emergencia de aulas diversas, gatilladas por el fenómeno migratorio y nuevas políticas inclusivas. El trabajo se desarrolló bajo una metodología cualitativa, con un diseño tipo revisión sistemática, propio de un estudio secundario. De acuerdo con los criterios establecidos, se seleccionaron 29 fuentes de información (estudios), cuyos datos fueron organizados en ocho categorías. Los resultados demostraron que en el pensamiento del profesorado chileno cohabitan perspectivas contrapuestas; no obstante, se revela en general una preponderancia de referencias asociadas al constructivismo. Del mismo modo, se apreció una alta valoración del profesorado sobre su propio desempeño, que no necesariamente se podría armonizar con la evidencia de aprendizajes escolares.   The thinking of Chilean teachers about pedagogical knowledge: Evidence from the last decade Abstract The work aimed to review the scientific evidence produced during the period 2011-2019, on the thinking of Chilean teachers about pedagogical and disciplinary knowledge, in the context of the school system. The period 2011-2019 was characterized in terms of the implementation of new educational policies, essentially focused on the teaching career, and in terms of the emergence of diverse classrooms, triggered by the migration phenomenon and new inclusive policies. The work was developed under a qualitative methodology, with a systematic review design, typical of a secondary study. According to the established criteria, 29 sources of information (studies) were selected, whose information was categorized into eight categories. The results showed that opposing perspectives coexist in the thinking of Chilean teachers; however, the general presence of a preponderance of references associated with constructivism was revealed. Likewise, teachers showed a high valuation of their own performance, which could not necessarily be harmonized with the evidence of school learning.

Indicadores del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico, demuestran desigualdad social en México en la economía, disposición y uso de recursos tecnológicos, aspectos necesarios para acceder a la educación durante la pandemia. El objetivo del artículo es validar una adaptación del cuestionario La Escuela en Casa, con el propósito de identificar dificultades en las relaciones familiares y sobre equipamiento tecnológico de estudiantes universitarios del sureste de México. Se realizó un juicio de expertos sobre validación de constructo y un estudio piloto. Los resultados del W de Kendall fueron .333 en la dimensión dinámica familiar durante el confinamiento y .400 en brecha digital; los comentarios aluden a la claridad de los ítems. El instrumento finalmente se conformó de 14 ítems, cuyos resultados indican relaciones familiares fortalecidas, indiferentes y conflictivas, así como dificultades en el acceso a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación.   Experiences of university students in distance education. Validation of a questionnaire Abstract  Indicators from the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development show social inequality in Mexico in the economy; availability and use of technological resources, aspects necessary to access education during the pandemic. The objective of the article is to validate an adaptation of the Home School questionnaire with the purpose of identifying difficulties in family relationships and on technological equipment of university students in southeastern Mexico. An expert judgment on construct validation and a pilot study were carried out. The results of Kendall's W were .333 in the dimension of family dynamics during confinement and .400 in the digital gap; the comments allude to the clarity of the items. The instrument finally consisted of 14 items, whose results indicate strengthened, indifferent and conflictive family relationships, as well as difficulties in accessing Information and Communication Technologies.

Diferentes investigaciones han señalado desde hace varias décadas la importancia de examinar las creencias, supuestos y representaciones de los docentes sobre la escritura en la universidad. En menor medida se ha explorado de qué manera se modifican esas ideas. Este trabajo, de corte cualitativo, exploró los significados que un grupo de docentes universitarios atribuye a la escritura académica, antes y después de participar en un curso a distancia. Se emplearon referentes teóricos de la literacidad académica y del análisis del discurso guiado por una perspectiva etnográfica, para analizar los foros, las sesiones virtuales, así como la evidencia escrita producida en el contexto del curso. Los resultados muestran que los docentes reflexionaron y analizaron sus experiencias e introdujeron a su discurso aspectos de socialización y literacidad académica. Esto confirma la necesidad de propiciar espacios de diálogo y reflexión docente para generar ideas alternas sobre estos procesos.   Teacher’s meanings about academic writing in a distance in-service teacher education course Abstract Research has pointed out for several decades the importance of examining teachers' beliefs, assumptions, and representations about writing in the university. To a lesser extent, the way in which these ideas are modified has been explored. This qualitative work explored the meanings that a group of university teachers attribute to academic writing, before and after participating in a distance in-service teacher education course. Theoretical referents of academic literacy and discourse analysis guided by an ethnographic perspective, were used to analyze the forums, virtual sessions, as well as the written evidence produced in the context of the course. The results show that the teachers reflected and analyzed their experiences and introduced aspects of socialization and academic literacy to their discourse. This confirms the need to promote spaces for dialogue and teacher reflection to generate alternative ideas about these processes.

El 1 de junio de 2022 entró en vigor en el ordenamiento jurídico español el Reglamento (UE) 2022/720 de la Comisión de 10 de mayo de 2022 relativo a la aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea a determinadas categorías de acuerdos verticales y prácticas concertadas. Este Reglamento sustituye al Reglamento 330/2010, el cual permitía que acuerdos de distribución que pudieran contener restricciones de competencia contrarias al artículo 101.1 TFUE pudieran quedar exentos de prohibición al cumplir los criterios que establecía el propio Reglamento y las Directrices que lo acompañaban. En la actualidad y hasta el 31 de mayo de 2034 el Reglamento clave para verificar si un contrato de distribución cumple con las normas del Derecho de la competencia europeo será el citado Reglamento (UE) 2022/720. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de las novedades que presenta el Reglamento 2022/720 frente a su antecesor el Reglamento 330/2010.  

The extent to which a state will recognise the effects of a foreign judicial sale of a ship is subject to its private international law rules, which consist of various conditions for recognition. The application of these conditions may be mediated by the principles informing domestic sales. Thus, to understand better how national recognition mechanisms work, this article undertakes a comparative legal analysis of sale proceedings in selected jurisdictions to examine whether these principles fundamentally diverge and may impair the recognition. Varying principles exist as regards six aspects of the sale proceeding. In light of the prevailing conditions for recognition of foreign judicial sales, it is inferred that the principles concerning four sale aspects may resurface at the recognition stage, putting in danger the free circulation of the ship purchaser’s title. These four sale aspects include the ship’s location, the notification of sale, the variance in the standard sale, and the extra protection given to high-ranking  creditors in the distribution of proceeds. In contrast, the principles in respect of the remaining two sale aspects, viz., the time to initiate a sale and the approach to obtaining the best  possible price, though substantially divergent, may not impede the recognition.

The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law - UNIDROIT will start in 2023, in collaboration with the ICC Institute of World Business Law, a project that will evaluate the most appropriate rules in investment contracts in the light of the evolution of the contents of these contracts and international investment law in general. A fundamental part of the analysis will be the verification of the application of the UNIDROIT Principles to these contracts. In preparation for this project, this contribution describes the use that has been made so far of the Principles by arbitral tribunals whose awards are public, revealing how many of the Principles’ rules apply to investment contracts, for example in relation to the principle of good faith, situations of hardship, renegotiation of terms and the  calculation of damages. In addition, the arbitral awards commented upon, also reveal how they can be used as applicable law not only in case of specific choice of the parties, but also in case of lack of indication of applicable law, as well as a tool for interpreting national law. For these purposes, the awards described are divided in this contribution by category according to the role attributed to the Principles in each award. However, the same analysis can be read to verify, in relation to the investment contracts analyzed, which rules have been referred to and to what extent (and yet in some cases, for example when using the Principles to determine damages, in reality the latter have also been invoked in relation to investment treaties).The analysis provided in this contribution, which hopefully shall be expanded on the basis of the investment contracts subject of arbitration to which we shall be able to have access under the Project, can be considered as one of the starting points for the exercise that will be carried out in the coming months.

Small debts are one of the most common in practice, however, they are the least claimed in court. The European Small Claims Procedure seeks to encourage cross-border debts, even if they are small (from an economic perspective), can be claimed. The possibility of collecting unpaid debts implies a very positive aspect from a social, economic and legal perspective. However, despite the fact that Regulation (EC) 861/2007 establishing the European small claims procedure is not new, since it has been applied since January 1, 2009, the results offered by European studies who have analyzed its impact on cross-border debt claims show that it has been rather scant. One of the reasons is because it has been an unknown tool for its potential users (small businesses and consumers) until relatively recently, but another has to do with its own configuration. About how this process has been conceived by the European legislator (in the initial version and also in the successive modifications) and the problems it raises in practice is what this paper will deal with.

Corruption is no longer a local problem but has taken on a transnational dimension. The intensification of international economic relations and the removal of barriers to trade and investment contribute to the economic and social development of states, but this development is undermined when corrupt practices are involved in the processes of formalising international investments. It is not surprising, therefore, that conflicts arise between the foreign investor and the host state at some point in the life of the investment and that they turn to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) as the most appropriate forum for resolving their disputes. In this paper, we analyse ICSID’s practice in cases in which one of the parties has alleged acts of corruption, with two essential objectives; a particular objective that consists of analysing the legal effects that these allegations can produce in the proceedings depending on who makes the allegation as well as the procedural difficulties that arise in these cases; and a general objective that transcends the particular case, which is to find out whether international arbitration can constitute an effective legal tool to dissuade investors and states from engaging in corrupt practices.

This paper examines the ranking transparency guidelines of online platforms in the P2B Regulation, as a legal treatment of algorithmic discrimination in consumer contracts. Therefore, this work considers duties related to standard contract terms, as well as others related to the right to information, the processing of personal data, contractual good faith, and remedies for breach of contract.

This study aims to unveil the keys of the law applicable to international contracts in history. From Antiquity and the Dark Ages to the 21st century. Connecting factors such as the place of celebration of the contract, the place of performance of the obligations arising from the contract, the choice of law agreement, the habitual residence of the contracting party who must perform the characteristic performance and the closest links clause have been considerated for different reasons. In this paper, the contributions of great legal scholars experts in private international law, such as Bartholo da Sassoferrato, Rochus Curtius, Charles Dumoulin, F.K. von Savigny and especially Jacobo de las Leyes, are present. This work argues, contrary to the Marxist view of the history and the law, that the progress of private international law is due to individuals, with names and surnames, genuine geniuses of private international law.