Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study evaluated the effect of different chemo-mechanical cleaning protocols on the residual presence of epoxy resin-based and bioceramic endodontic sealers, as well as the bond strength of a universal adhesive system for cementing fiber posts to intraradicular dentin. A total of 160 bovine incisors were prepared using the ProTaper system and filled with either an epoxy resin-based sealer (Vioseal) or a bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS). Four cleaning protocols were tested: ethanol (ET), amyl acetate (AA), acetone (AC), and an experimental solution (EX) combining amyl acetate, ethanol, and acetone. Residual sealer was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, and bond strength was assessed through push-out tests. Fracture patterns were examined under a stereomicroscope, and data were analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=5%). For epoxy resin-based sealers, AA and AC resulted in greater dentinal tubule opening than ET and EX (p<0.05), with AC leaving the least residue. Conversely, ET and EX showed higher residual presence. For bioceramic sealers, ET and EX achieved the greatest tubule opening (p<0.05). Bond strength was highest with ET in the apical third (epoxy sealer) and in the cervical third (bioceramic sealer) (p<0.05). Ethanol and the experimental solution effectively removed bioceramic sealer residues while preserving bond strength. Although epoxy resin-based sealers left more residue, all tested protocols provided satisfactory adhesion.

Microorganisms are fundamental etiological factors in pulpal and periapical diseases. Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic coccus, can penetrate dentinal tubules and survive chemical-mechanical instrumentation. Endodontic success requires effective irrigation to reach areas inaccessible to instruments. Despite sodium hypochlorite's antimicrobial efficacy, its toxicity necessitates exploring alternatives.  To evaluate Smear Clear®'s antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis. This in vitro study tested Smear Clear® against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212®) strain, determining its antimicrobial efficacy and establishing minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Bacterial sensitivity was tested using microplate dilution techniques with appropriate controls. Smear Clear® at 100% showed bactericidal activity against E. faecalis. At 50% concentration, it demonstrated the minimum concentration needed for growth inhibition with bacteriostatic properties. Smear Clear® exhibits antimicrobial properties against E. faecalis and represents a potential alternative to sodium hypochlorite in endodontic irrigation, with its components, particularly cetrimide, directly affecting bacterial sensitivity.

To compare the effectiveness of distraction techniques in pain management during the administration of dental anesthesia in pediatric procedures. This observational, longitudinal, and descriptive study included a sample of 64 pediatric patients: 36 females (56.25%) and 28 males (43.75%), with an average age of 7.3±1.5 years. The participants were divided into two groups: one using audiovisual distraction (32 patients) and the other using audio distraction (32 patients). Pain levels were assessed using the Wong-Baker scale before and after the procedure, and the SEM scale during the procedure. Based on the SEM scale, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two techniques during the procedure (p>0.05), indicating equal effectiveness. Similarly, the Wong-Baker scale showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in pain perception after the procedure between the two techniques. Both audiovisual and audio distraction techniques are effective for pain management during the administration of dental anesthesia in pediatric patients.

Fractures of the maxillofacial complex represent one of the most relevant health challenges at present, given their high incidence and cost to public health. In order to analyze the management of maxillofacial fractures treated in a public hospital in Chiapas, Mexico, during 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out through interviews, clinical reviews, and records of patients treated with some type of maxillofacial fracture during the study period in the aforementioned hospital. The necessary information was obtained to meet the objectives. The main etiology was traffic accidents (65.9%). The main affected area was the lower third of the face (65.9%). A statistical association was found between the imaging study used, fracture treatment, specialist intervention, and type of patient management with the anatomical area of the fracture. Therefore, the epidemiological characteristics found were similar to those reported in the international literature. The management given to the fractures was according to their location.

Goltz syndrome or Focal dermal hypoplasia, is a genetic polymorphic cutaneous disorder with highly variable anomalies affecting the eyes, central nervous system, urinary system, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, and craniofacial and dental complex. It is transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait. Clinical signs include cutaneous atrophy and periorificial papillomas that commonly appear around the mouth, genitals, and/or anus, include onychodystrophy and cicatricial alopecia, bone disorders, such as syndactyly, ectrodactyly, and/or aplasia of fingers in the hands or feet, are present from birth, scoliosis, hypoplastic clavicles and ribs, and thoracic deformation. This syndrome is associated with dental abnormalities that may include malocclusion, oral papillomas, and enamel defects. It affects tissues derived from both the ectomesenchyme. The objective of this study was to provide a narrative review of the oral cavity findings described in Goltz syndrome and present a case report.

Various non-invasive techniques and therapeutic methods have been researched in order to improve the patients’ overall clinical experience and overcome the drawbacks of traditional dental treatments. One such treatment is photodynamic therapy which relies on generation of a reactive species of partially reduced oxygen by activation of a chemical agent under the influence of photons. The aim of this review was to evaluate the literature concerning the use of photodynamic therapy as a treatment modality in dentistry for children. The databases searched include MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane and ScienceDirect. The search strategy was based on the keywords such as photodynamic therapy, biofilms, oral mucositis and pediatric dentistry. The articles written in the English language were included in full text. The search yielded 259 articles out of which 25 were included based on free access, timeline from 2016 to 2024.The review sheds a light on the insufficiency of in vivo studies and literature on the use of appropriate dosage and concentration of photosensitizing agents and light source related factors such as type of source, wavelength and duration of light exposure. Further research is needed to better define and standardize the clinical protocols for use of photodynamic therapy in pediatric dentistry.

Optogenetics is an interdisciplinary field that blends genomics and optical technology to regulate gene expression and biological processes. It offers advantages such as precise control over timing and placement, low invasiveness, and excellent efficiency. This procedure is enabled by photosensory proteins that have been genetically engineered to change form when exposed to light. As a result, optogenetic technologies provide important insights into a variety of biological mechanisms, ranging from subcellular and cellular processes to brain circuitry and behavioural patterns. This review will discuss the evolution of optogenetics and recent advances in its application in oral and maxillofacial studies. We will also look at how optogenetics has affected preclinical studies. While the scope of optogenetic techniques grows, obstacles remain in their application to oral and dental research.

The purpose of this report is to describe a streamlined digital workflow to transfer conditioned emergence profiles after immediate implant placements with hard and soft tissue management. A 50-year-old woman with fractures in two maxillary premolars was treated by atraumatic extractions, immediate implant placements, guided bone regeneration with a particulate xenograft, and connective tissue grafting. Healing abutments were placed to support initial tissue maturation. After a 12-16-week healing period, the implants were activated, and screw-retained provisional restorations were delivered to condition the peri-implant mucosa. Once stable emergence profiles were achieved, at week 24, a digital protocol using three coordinated scans was implemented: (1) intraoral scan with the scan bodies, (2) intraoral scan with the provisional restorations in place, and (3) extraoral scan of the provisionals with a gingival barrier for alignment. The datasets were merged in CAD software to replicate critical and subcritical contours for the definitive prostheses. The three-scan protocol enabled an accurate transfer of the conditioned mucosal contours, facilitating the design of definitive implant-supported crowns with esthetic integration and tissue harmony. This approach avoided analog impressions and minimized digital complexity, suggesting a potentially efficient and biologically respectful workflow for soft tissue-driven implant rehabilitation in single-tooth or short-span cases. The digitally guided three-scan protocol provides a practical clinical method to replicate peri-implant mucosal contours following immediate implant placements and augmentations. Further studies are required to validate its reproducibility and long-term outcomes.

Periodontal inflammation, a chronic condition affecting teeth and supporting structures, is linked to cardiovascular disease. The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in inflammation and oxidative stress, with AT1 and AT2 receptors affecting vascular functions and inflammatory responses. This study aims to utilize angiotensin receptors in periodontal inflammation through enhanced hysterical attention network-based drug-gene association. Data preprocessing is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of drug and gene data, particularly in research involving angiotensin receptors, by identifying duplicates and correcting inconsistent formats. Cytoscape was utilized to import drugs and genes linked to angiotensin receptors, thereby constructing and analyzing a network. The Hierarchical Attention Network is an innovative framework for processing structured data with hierarchical relationships. It is suitable for tasks where features can be organized into multi-level structures. The network, with 1,172 nodes and 4,315 edges, has efficient communication, low density, significant connectivity variance, moderate centralization, and four connected components, with a 1.531-second analysis time. The model's R² score is 0.3631, indicating that the features can explain 36.31% of the target variable's variance. However, the model's predictions are about 0.8013 units away from actual values, suggesting room for improvement. Integrating hierarchical attention networks in deep learning models is promising for predicting drug and gene interactions in angiotensin receptors in periodontal inflammation.

This study explores the plural formation in lexical borrowings in the Spanish of the capital city of the state of Puebla (Mexico) based on a questionnaire containing 64 items. Based on the analysis of a dependent variable and independent social, and linguistic variables, I conclude that the level of education variable is exclusively determinant for the choice of the plural involving the morpheme zero, word and speaker variables are the ones that are significant for the choice of all the allomorphs to create plurals (ø, –s and –es) and that, in general, Spanish of Puebla does not follow the trends of variation in the plurals of loanwords prototypically considered as hesitant.