Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Currently in Costa Rica, the access to information about gluten, lactose and other allergens content in medicines is limited, which makes their safe use more difficult for people with health conditions related to these substances. This investigation aimed to promote knowledge about the presence of gluten, lactose and other allergens in medicines in Costa Rica and to describe the pharmaceutical interventions required to care for the aforementioned people, by means of the analysis of the queries related to this topic presented to the Centro Nacional de Información de Medicamentos (CIMED), which was not previously reported in our country. 182 queries regarding gluten and other allergens in medicines were included, which were presented to CIMED between February 2021 and March 2022 and whose information was registered in the center’s own database. The results show that gluten presence in the registered medicines was very low, however, 40% of the medicines for which lactose information was available were positive.  In addition, it was considered prompt to deliver pharmaceutical care interventions in many cases, amongst which health education highlighted. As a conclusion, people with health conditions related to gluten, lactose and other allergens show a clear necessity of truthful information sources regarding their content in medicines, hence it is required to include in the drug labelling normative the declaration of allergen excipients used during manufacture, and to strengthen pharmaceutical care roles, which favor, among other benefits, a safer use of their medicines. Key words: Medicines, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Allergens, Information. Source: DeCS/BIREM

The main object of this study is to analyze the impact of an ambulatory blood pressure monitor (M.A.P.A.) in the control of hypertensive patients in the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up program of a primary care clinic. Regarding the methodology of this work, a prospective observational study was carried out with hypertensive patients who were referred from May 2018 to February 2019, where blood pressure values ​​were checked with the M.A.P.A. The impact of the pharmacotherapeutic monitoring program is analyzed through the value of blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, body mass index (BMI), and creatinine level, as well as adherence to treatment before and after being part of it. The statistical analysis is carried out through t student. About the results, 30 patients were included, of which 40% had normal or optimal blood pressure when performing the mapping with M.A.P.A. For this reason, 18 patients (60%) were included for pharmacotherapeutic follow-up. As a result, 283 negative reports associated with medication, 171 drug-related problems, and 11% adherence to treatment were identified. After the interventions were carried out, 100% adherence to treatment was achieved. In conclusion, the use of an ambulatory blood pressure monitor (M.A.P.A.) makes it possible to identify patients with uncontrolled hypertension, carry out appropriate pharmaceutical interventions and avoid the prescription of unnecessary medications and increase treatment adherence. Key words: Hypertension, Education Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Care, Treatment Adherence and Compliance. Source: DeCS/MeSH.

The architects Alejandro Herrero Ayllón and Félix Candela Outeriño forged a solid friendship as students at the Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (graduating class of 1935); they shared different activities and study trips and jointly authored notes on Strength of Materials. Following the vicissitudes of the Spanish Civil War, they managed to avoid the supposedly strict control of the period and continued this friendship through a lengthy correspondence. Following a study methodology which contrasts primary sources, this article delves into these letters, a wealth of autobiographical information. In these documents, which are preserved at the Municipal Archive of Huelva and Library Archive at Columbia University (New York), the authors described their lives, different examples of architecture, construction techniques, early conferences, and articles, offering each other support. Exiled to Mexico, Candela was working on his first structural projects, which earned him international recognition. Meanwhile, Herrero, based in Huelva, was building his first projects for social housing and villages, incorporated into the settings and adjusted to the harsh reality of the Spanish post-war period. He then went on to design major buildings which were included in the Iberian Docomomo. All these documents expose the historical contexts that conditioned their lives and architectures, providing new perspectives.

Yona Friedman developed an architectural theory through a scientific methodology, on which he will base a set of procedures, techniques, and systems whose aim is to radically transform the role of the architect and the user in the architectural design process. Friedman's theories in the publication 'Towards a scientific architecture' propose a new model of urbanism based on decision-making and self-determination of the city inhabitant, which are condensed in the machine called Flatwriter. With this software, the user could choose his or her habitat from a repertoire created by the architect or town planner and insert it into the city. This article explores the possible present-day implementation and development of Yona Friedman's theories on architecture by testing and reprogramming the Flatwriter with current means. To do so, we use current methods of graphic representation and visual programming, such as Rhinoceros and grasshopper 3D, with the aim of checking whether these theories of user empowerment have a place with the graphic and design methods that are available to us today. The methodology used test the viability the theories of Friedman´s method in the field of architectural programming, with the purpose of achieving the objective of the Flatwriter: the free choice of a spatial organization, within a pre-established system that rigorously contains all possibilities without exception. In this paper it will be provided an overview of the developed method, aiming at a theoretical approach to the issue from Generation and Parametric Design.

The principal aim of this article is to explore the contributions of space syntax to historical research on the interactive relationship between the urban form and the social use of space. The article develops this subject and explores the spatial structure of the walled areas of Morella and Montblanc, with an emphasis on the entrance gates. The theory and methods of space syntax are applied to current urban planning and ancient plans of the two cities, and the analytical information extracted is contrasted with ethnographic observations and historical documents to provide context and solve ambiguities. The results of the analysis in Morella show that when one of the city's entrance gates disappears the spatial culture of the place changes completely; nonetheless, the social history is inscribed in the morphological history. In the case of Montblanc, studying the evolution of the urban form provides new information on the cultural significance of the wall's entrance gates in the city of the past. As this work concludes, space syntax is making significant contributions to research on the morphological history and the social history of urban space. These contributions may have direct consequences for design decisions in the recovery and/or management of heritage.

Urban regeneration is a field in which data-driven methods have proven their usefulness both for needs analysis and for the simulation of actions. After summarising the current situation in Spain in this respect, this article presents the methodological approaches of successive works developed in this field in the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León, as well as the fundamentals of a method called "Neighbourhood Information Model" (NIM) aimed at the pre-evaluation of urban regeneration actions, based on the use of open data and its processing through simple procedures using commonly used software in the fields of Geographic Information Systems and Building Information Modelling. Although these premises impose the limitations currently inherent to methods that renounce to complex data treatment processes and to the generation of ad hoc technological or computer tools, its usefulness is noted to characterise the regeneration needs of urban fabrics and to evaluate possible intervention actions in defined areas from a comparative approach.

One of the greatest challenges of the contemporary city in the context of energy transformation is that of sustainable mobility, an issue marked by the dichotomy between the city centre and its periphery, among others. This article exposes the case study of a project the authors carried out in their professional practice in RAZ: an analysis of wage labour-related commuting in the municipality of Astigarraga, Gipuzkoa, conducted as part of the municipality's sustainable urban mobility plan. The case study shows the inherent difficulties of contemporary metropolitan mobility dynamics, and helps to draw the profile of the captive driver of the private car. We carried out the analysis using methodologies based on data analysis, visualization or simulation, which illustrate the opportunities that this type of methodologies offers, also in the field of sustainable mobility.

The decrease of commercial activity that has been occurring in the last decade has recently accentuated by the COVID pandemic, affecting the livability of cities and public space. This paper analyzes the ground floor activities in Gros neighbourhood, in San Sebastian, Spain, observing both its temporal evolution and its spatial distribution. The study performs two in situ geolocation data collections in January and August 2020, immediately before and after the COVID lockdown in Spain. Through the collected data, it analyzes the distribution and evolution of ground floor space dedicated to public activities. The study concludes that the activities suffered a decrease of 1.8% in the analyzed period, and that activities located on pedestrianized streets or with fewer lanes have had fewer closures. The work also shows which efforts are needed for in situ data collection to guide urban policy.

The Atlas of architectural reuse deals with the study of buildings that have changed use over time in Barcelona, ​​including activities for which they had not been designed, as well as possible architectural strategies to program these changes of use successfully in the future. This article explains the functioning of the Atlas Reuse, the methodology used, and the multiple readings on the city that it allows. It also presents new lessons derived from this research up until now. In this way, the Atlas reveals its potential as a versatile and valuable tool that offers a diagnosis of reuse in Barcelona in the present, but at the same time, allows us to extract useful strategies for planning the city of the future.

In studies on the motivational classroom climate -CMC- the need to delve into socio-affective aspects that make up the pedagogical relationships -PR- between teachers and students that affect the closeness and communication is recognized. That is why this work seeks to validate the design of two evaluation instruments focused on PR (Closeness/Conflict Scale and Motivational Communicational Scale) applied to 459 students from technical secondary schools (Argentina) and establish links with the CMC as well as with the satisfaction and interest achieved in terms of the relevance of school learning. The results found prove that the two assessment scales created meet measurement guarantees, showing encouraging reliability, internal, convergent and predictive validity data. Likewise, the relationships between the Motivational Communication and Closeness scales are strong since significant correlations were found. The relationship model between communication/closeness/conflict turned out to explain the satisfaction that students perceive of their teachers, demonstrating the importance of the main determinants of PR (closeness, communication and conflict) for the CMC and contributing to the evaluation of educational interventions focused on improving the climate.