Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper is a comparative study on Political Economy, Economic History and International Economics, under the New-Institutional Economics and applied to the European Union’s Budget development. There are few key-ideas which explain the complex financial resource among the long-term periods in the European Union. Also, it is offered a evaluation of winners and losers in the development of the EU budget.

The article's objective is to examine the possible liability arising from the breach of the right to education of children and adolescents attending primary and secondary public schools against the State under civil law due to the poor implementation of internet services and thus limited access to distance learning, by seeking to prove the existence of real damage caused by the lack of foresight of the State when implementing distance learning in the context of COVID-19. It is structured in three chapters: The first sets out the children and adolescents' right to education and the applicable regulatory framework. The second analyses and explains the competent State Administration bodies' breaches of the right to education in the context of a pandemic. The third explores the possibility of amending the liability of the State under civil law arising from the breach of the fundamental right to education during a pandemic.

Parental joint responsability, along with the best interests of the child, is a fundamental principle of International Human Rights Law. Although the chilean Civil Code includes it, the rest of the national legal system has not done so in the same way. As a paradigmatic case, we mention the case of the Labour Code. In this context, we propose the incorporation of parental co-responsibility in the Political Constitution. This would not only make it possible to generate uniformity in the Chilean legal system, but would also help address some of the main social demands that motivated the constituent process that began in 2019, derived from both the feminist movement and the demands for better living conditions. for childrens and adolescents

A strict interpretation of article 1945 of the Civil Code risks an outcome at odds with the underlying rationality of compensatory damages: an enrichment beyond compensation. To overcome this interpretation some authors have provided a flexible interpretation which eludes it. We share the aim, but not the argument, so we offer an alternative based on article 6º of Act 18.101 and general norms on compensatory damages.

In Peru, internet access is scarce, due to its high payment in acquisition and low coverage or broadband.Considering that currently it has become an extremely necessary service for daily life, having an impact oninequality in various aspects such as the acquisition of better information, communication and streamlinesprocesses. The main objective of this research is to evaluate internet access and identify the main socioeconomicfactors that influence internet access in Peru during the 2016-2019 period. For this, the NationalHousehold Survey (ENAHO) was taken. a sample of 142,396 households for the analysis of internet accessand to identify the main socioeconomic factors that influence internet access 9,612 households, using thepanel data methodology. Among the main results prevails, the Coast as a region with a greater numberof households in internet access compared to the Sierra and Selva regions, likewise the urban area is theone with more households in internet use unlike the rural one, but in In general, there are mostly more households without internet access compared to households with internet. In addition, it was obtained thatthe main socioeconomic determinants that influence internet access are; household income, age of the headof household, years of education of the head of household (positively and with a significance level of 1%) andpoverty (negatively with a significance level of 1%).

The objective of this research was to analyze how electronic commerce is related to consumer behavior in the city of Cusco, 2021. The type of research is quantitative, the design of this research is not experimental - cross-sectional, descriptive; For the data collection, a questionnaire of 33 questions was elaborated where we can appreciate all the dimensions, the population is constituted by the inhabitants of the town of Cusco, which includes the range of 18 to 60 years, who are the potential consumers of online shopping. It is concluded that there is a significant relationship between electronic commerce and the purchasing behavior of the average consumer in the city of Cusco; that is to say, that electronic commerce directly influences the purchasing behavior of the Cusco consumer, as well as the existence of a significant relationship between electronic platforms and the level of purchases, which expresses, in turn, a significant relationship between the means of payment and the purchasing behavior of the studied consumer.  

The purpose of my research is to analyze the social imaginary of local actors about the mining exploration project in the district of Nuñoa. The methodology that I applied is based on the phenomenological approach, with the techniques and instruments of semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documentary review, with a sample stratified by quotas. Regarding the results I obtained, some local stakeholders tell me that mining cannot coexist with agriculture, while others consider that it would generate opportunities for improvement and local development. The preservation of the environment at the local level is based on the harmonious relationship established by the inhabitants with the natural environment, expressed in Andean cultural practices. Regarding local perceptions, I perceived the absence or inaction of the State and the actors of regional and national institutions perceive that the State assumes the regulatory role of mining activities and natural resources, through regulations and laws. The conclusions that I reached are, around the social imaginary of local actors in front of the mining exploration project is varied, both rejection and acceptance; I understand that there is a complementarity between the Andean worldview and the Western worldview; and finally, local actors perceive that the State is absent, while regional and local actors perceive only the regulatory role of the State.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research has been to determine the factors that affect the preferences of organic quinoa consumption in households in the city of Puno. The present work has had a quantitative character, of an applied type, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and of an explanatory nature; the population has been composed of 127 heads of households from the city of Puno; Likewise, simple random sampling was used as a probabilistic sampling procedure. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with 17 closed and open questions. For the estimation, a logit econometric model was applied, and subsequently the marginal effects were estimated, obtaining the following results: The variable of age, family income, knowledge of the benefits of organic quinoa, household size, perception of health and perception of around the price positively influence the probability of preferences for the consumption of organic quinoa in households in the city of Puno. In other words, if the age of the head of the household, family income, knowledge about the benefits of organic quinoa, household size, perception around health and perception around price increase, the probability of preferences for quinoa consumption Organic Quinoa in households in the city of Puno increases by 0.76%, 0.01%, 34.1%, 3.56%, 57.91% and 41.46% respectively, while the other variables do not influence the probability of organic Quinoa consumption in households in Puno. the city of Puno, likewise the variable of perception around health and perception around the price of organic quinoa by consumers have a greater impact on the probability of preferences for the consumption of organic quinoa in households in the city of Puno with a value of 57.91% and 41.46% respective Key Words: Quinoa organic, consumption, model logit.

Essentialist conceptions of culture have been the object of extensive questioning both from anthropology and the social sciences, however, this tendency persists in the social and political imaginary of our discipline in a large part of the continent. The objective of this article is to problematize the essentialist representations of Mapuche territories in southern Chile, based on what Eduard Said called “imagined geography”. To this purpose, we ask to what extent Said’s reflection on the Orient can be applied to our representations of Mapuche communities and culture? Are these communities today -as in the past- an imagined geography? The study was exploratory, qualitative in approach and was developed through a case study in the Mapuche Lincoqueo community, for which five members of the community participated through biographical and in depth interviews. Likewise, historical archives were also reviewed. The results show that we are faced with a “westernized” indigenous community. This situation can be understood in the light of a long and complex process of identity reconstruction and socio-cultural relations, in which it stands out, from the indigenous perspective, the construction of an welfare idea associated with the purpose of ceasing to be poor and, at the same time, ceasing to be Mapuche stands out. The study reveals the importance of problematizing and demystifying certain imaginaries that inhabit us, especially in relation to Latin American indigenous identity and otherness.

The objective of this article is to analyze some of the dimensions of the subjectivation processes that young people who have been adopted go through in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires in order to understand how they assume or distance themselves from the institutional categories used to catalog them, as well as of operations on their corporality and emotionality; they obey, evade or reappropriate institutional practices that seek to shape their conduct and produce effects on their subjectivities; They establish social relationships with their peers and from them they build knowledge about how to manage their future thanks to shared socio-biographical experiences. With these purposes, the article analyzes the stories constructed through in-depth, biographical interviews, carried out during the year 2019, with ten young people who were transferred to other family groups. The article argues that adoption as a “solution” for the search for those responsible for young people is being constituted throughout a process in which interactions with peers acquire a central place and in which reflection on their own is encouraged. actions and wills in order to become adoptable subjects.