Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article analyzes the principles of party initiative (legal and legitimate interest), relativity of judgments, definitiveness and supplementation of the demand provided for in Article 107 of the 1917 Constitution. These principles are examined starting from the Constitution of 1857, based on the Amparo legislation of the 19th to 21st centuries and on the interpretation of the law (jurisprudencia) of the federal courts.

El artículo trata sobre las formas de acceso al servicio público. La Constitución Federal de 1988 optó por el modelo burocrático de administración, con el cual estableció el concurso de pruebas y títulos como requisito esencial para ocupar cargos públicos. También previó las excepciones, que están reguladas por la ley ordinaria. En una contextualización histórica de los modelos de administración pública, se observa que los cargos públicos sirven, en ocasiones, como instrumento de negociación para favorecer a familiares y correligionarios políticos. Por lo tanto, la pregunta que se plantea es ¿en qué medida la legislación que regula el personal público sigue siendo una puerta de entrada al clientelismo y al patrimonialismo en Brasil? La investigación es empírica, y el método utilizado es el estudio de caso. El foco de análisis es el estudio de los procedimientos administrativos tramitados ante el Grupo Especializado en Protección del Patrimonio Público y Lucha contra la Improbidad Administrativa de Santo Antônio da Platina, Paraná, Brasil. Como resultado, se constató que las contrataciones irregulares y los desvíos internos son puertas de clientelismo que aún persisten.

The aim of the contribution is to highlight the need to build subnational parliamentary controls in real time to guarantee the effective implementation of multilevel laws by state and municipal public administrations. An interdisciplinary methodology of constitutional law, public administration and ecology is applied to the analysis of a case study of contamination of an international transboundary river that flows into the Gulf of Mexico. A key finding is that due to the inertia of the authoritarian regime of the 20th century, to date there are no subnational parliamentary controls in real time over the ministers of the units that manage water in states and municipalities. Hence the omission or negligence in the subnational execution of concurrent laws that prevents contamination has no political consequences or incentives to rectify; The research is limited to the states of Chiapas and Tabasco. The originality and value of the article is that as a conclusion it proposes a solution to a national and international legal problem (UN Sustainable Development Goals), since existing studies only usually identify the problem.

The present work focused on creating a business plan to analyze the feasibility of a direct distribution channel for agricultural products through the Tosiri digital platform in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. A literature review was essential as a starting point to gather theoretical foundations. This work has a mixed approach, with a descriptive research scope, applying both quantitative methods, such as assisted surveys, and qualitative methods to gather information from the unit of analysis, composed of producers and marketers of agricultural products. Six studies were developed in this research: the market study, which resulted in a 90% acceptance rate of using the application among the study population; the technical and legal study, which determined an installed capacity of 393 crates and the incorporation of the Company; the organizational study, which defines the departments and functions of the collaborators; and finally, Finally, the economic and financial analysis showed a positive NPV, confirming the feasibility and profitability of implementing the agricultural product distribution chain through the digital platform.

Vocational training is essential to empower women entrepreneurs, giving them the skills, knowledge and resources necessary to succeed in the business world, and contribute to the economy and society. The objective of this research focuses on identifying how professional training influences female entrepreneurial leadership in the Manta canton. The research begins with a theoretical review about the different compendiums that can influence female entrepreneurial leadership. The methodology used was non-experimental with a qualitative approach, and correlational - transversal design, in addition to having a bibliographic, documentary, exploratory, descriptive, and observational modality. A sample of 373 women with economic activities related to commerce in general and entrepreneurship in the city of Manta was taken, for which a Likert scale measurement instrument was used, which was validated by expert judgment, checking its reliability in the statistical measurement tool SPSS/27 through the Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. with a significance level of (0.897). The significance in the correlations of the variables and dimensions on average is moderately positive: Vocational Training and leadership (0.687); Technological tools with motivation (682) and planning (698); Educational quality with motivation (693) and planning (764); Marketing and sales techniques with motivation (702) and planning (537).

  The Lean Satartup method, based on Toyota´s Lean Manufacturing model,  reduce failure by validating demand before developing a product. The objective of this research is to analyze the degree of application of the Lean Startup principles in the 100% cocoa paste product produced by the Guayacán Unidos association of the Pichincha canton. This study applied a methodology was applied, and the interview technique through intentional sampling was used. The results revealed that the association began with an unvalidated hypothesis, which led to the development of an undemanded minimum viable product such as 100% cocoa paste. However, this product was launched on the market without prior interaction with potential customers, which resulted in very low sales and insufficient economic returns for producers. Based on the analysis and learning obtained following the recommendations of Erick Ries, creator of the Lean Startup method, two possible decisions were identified in such situations: preserve the current strategy or pivot in a new direction. In this case study, the company Guayacán Unidos chose to pivot, adjusting its business strategy to better align with the needs and preferences of the market.  

This study examines the impact of perceived insecurity on the financial sustainability of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Santo Domingo, as a result of the increase in illicit activities such as contract killings, extortion, and crime. Using a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with MSME owners, and their responses were systematized with MAXQDATA software. The findings show that the perception of insecurity significantly affects the financial and operational decisions of businesses. This is reflected in the allocation of resources to implement security measures, changes in operating hours, and reduced investments. These decisions directly impact the profitability and economic viability of MSMEs. The conclusions emphasize the need to implement public policies and business strategies that mitigate the negative consequences of insecurity, promoting a stable and favorable environment for local economic growth.

The digital economy has transformed the business environment, enabling entrepreneurs to access global markets and optimize operations through e-commerce. This environment fosters competition among companies, driving economic growth and sustainability. The aim of the study was to describe the perception of the impact of e-commerce on the development of entrepreneurship in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The study was descriptive, with a cross-sectional design and a mixed-methods approach. Interviews were combined with expert-validated surveys and applied to a sample of 385 entrepreneurs, using a Likert scale for quantitative analysis. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. E-commerce promotes the development of entrepreneurship in Guayaquil, with a positive impact on revenue, market reach, and customer interaction, although challenges remain in certain areas. The interviews highlight the need for a diversified strategy and continuous technological adaptation to maintain competitiveness.